You Deserve
Great Dentistry!
"Because: Your SMILE
Is Important!"

Welcome to a great Tustin dentist. Dr. Bradford Lockhart has a unique dentistry practice, devoted to excellence focusing on restorative, cosmetic, and preventative care. Using the latest in advanced dental technology, Dr. Lockhart creates dazzling smiles that brighten your life and equally focuses on improving your dental health. As a patient and a guest, you will know that we care about you and that we do what we say we will do. Your smile is important to us.

Cosmetic Dentistry is the science and art of improving your smile. Having a great looking smile can be your most powerful asset, opening up many

Statistics reveal that people place
a high value on their smile.

• Virtually all adults (99.7%) believe a smile is an important social asset.
• 96% of adults believe an attractive smile makes a person more appealing to members of the opposite sex.
• Three-quarters (74%) of adults feel an unattractive smile can hurt a person’s chances for career success.
• And when respondents were asked, “What would you most like to improve about your smile?” The most common response was: Whiter & Brighter Teeth.

Today's advanced techniques and materials can make a real difference. The skill, experience, and commitment of our practice uses a unique combination of science and artistry that can literally redesign your smile with our cutting-edge service. Digital X-rays allow for quick viewing, and
Intra-Oral Camera help you see instantly what the problem is for your self.

Dr. Lockhart and Tustin Cosmetic Dentistry can now correct a wide variety of so-called "permanent" dental problems:

Dr. Bradford Lockhart's goal is to not just to correct dental problems you may have, but to show you how to prevent dental disease in the future to save you time and unnecessary expense.

Dr. Lockhart is a dentist that strives for excellence with your dental health and wants you to achieve a white smile that is free of disease with fresh breath and healthy gums.

A healthy smile is a beautiful smile. With proper care and treatment, you can have strong, healthy teeth that will last a lifetime. Dr. Bradford Lockhart can provide you with care and treatment through a range of preventive and restorative treatments such as:

• Comprehensive exams, including oral cancer screening, TMJ evaluation, periodontal disease evaluation, and orthodontic evaluation
• Gentle and thorough cleanings
• Fluoride treatments, sealants
• Gum disease treatment
• Fillings, extractions
• Crowns (caps) and bridges
• Children’s dentistry
  

Making Smiles Beautiful
Dr. Lockhart will help make the pearls in your mouth even more beautiful with cosmetic dental treatment such as:

• Invisalign, Braces - Ortho Treatments,
  Kids and Adults
• Cosmetic Dentistry - including White Fillings, Porcelain Veneers, Porcelain Inlays and Onlays, Lumineers, Bonding, and all Porcelain Crowns
• Take Home Whitening
• Professional Teeth Whitening - Zoom
• Implant Crowns
• On-Site Implants
• Gum Treatment and Cleanings
• Partial and Complete Dentures
  
  

Dr. Lockhart can give you teeth that are healthy and free of decay as well as teeth that are whiter and more even. He is an industry expert at repairing broken or chipped teeth with virtually undetectable bonding and can correct uneven or imperfect teeth with porcelain veneers.

Dr. Brad Lockhart DDS in Tustin
WE CARE ABOUT YOU AND YOUR FAMILY
(714) 838-0760

Cosmetic dentistry is a discipline within dentistry in which the primary focus is the modification of appearance of a patient's oral cavity and surrounding structures, in conjunction with the prevention and treatment of organic, structural, or functional oral disease. Through cosmetic dentistry, the appearance of the mouth can be altered to more closely match the patient's subjective concept of what is visually pleasing.

Treatments
Today's common cosmetic dental treatment options include:

* Whitening, or "tooth bleaching", is the most commonly prescribed cosmetic dental procedure. While many whitening options are now available, dentist-supervised treatments remain the recommended procedures for lightening discolored teeth.

* Enamel shaping removes parts of the contouring enamel to improve the appearance of the tooth. It may be used to correct a very small chip. The removed enamel is irreplaceable, and may sometimes expose dentin. It is also known as enameloplasty, odontoplasty, recontouring, reshaping, slenderizing, and stripping.

* Bonding is an option for chipped or cracked teeth. It is a process in which an enamel-like dental composite material is applied to a tooth's surface, sculpted into shape, hardened, and then polished.

* Veneers, ultra-thin, custom-made laminates that are bonded directly to the teeth, are an increasingly popular procedure. They are an option for closing gaps or disguising discolored teeth that did not respond well to whitening procedures.

* Gum Lift, is a cosmetic dental procedure that raises and sculpts the gum line. The procedure involves reshaping the tissue and/or underlying bones to create the appearance of longer or more symmetrical teeth.

Materials

In the past, dental fillings and other tooth restorations were made of gold, amalgam and other metals -- some of which were veneered with porcelain. Now, dental work can be made entirely of porcelain or composite materials that more closely mimic the appearance of natural tooth structure. These tooth colored materials are bonded to the underlying tooth structure with resin adhesives. Unlike silver fillings (amalgams) they are entirely free of mercury. Many dentists offer procedures to be cosmetic and because their patients prefer natural looking teeth.

Tustin is a city in Orange County, California, United States. As of the 2006 census, the city had a total population of 70,871. The city is located next to the county seat, Santa Ana, and does not include the Tustin Foothills. The city is home to mostly upper-middle class and wealthy residents. Unincorporated Northern Tustin contains areas of exceptional wealth, including Lemon Heights and Cowan Heights. The East side and Tustin Ranch communities are home to upper income residents. Geography Tustin is located at 33°44?23?N, 117°48?49?W (33.739618, -117.813533). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 29.5 km² (11.4 mi²), all land. The Tustin Zipcodes are: 92780, 92781, 92782

HISTORY OF TUSTIN
Members of the Tongva and Juaneño/Luiseño nations long inhabited this area. After the 1769 expedition of Gaspar de Portolà, a Spanish expedition led by Father Junipero Serra named the area Vallejo de Santa Ana (Valley of Saint Anne). On November 1, 1776, Mission San Juan Capistrano became the area's first permanent European settlement in Alta California, New Spain. In 1801, the Spanish Empire granted 62,500 acres to Jose Antonio Yorba, which he named Rancho San Antonio. Yorba's great rancho included the lands where the cities of Olive, Orange, Villa Park, Santa Ana, Tustin, Costa Mesa and Newport Beach stand today. Smaller ranchos evolved from this large rancho including the Rancho Santiago de Santa Ana. After the Mexican-American war, Alta California became part of the United States and American settlers arrived in this area. Columbus Tustin, a carriage maker from Northern California, founded the city in the 1870s on 1,300 acres (5 km²) of land from the former Rancho Santiago de Santa Ana. The city was incorporated in 1927 with a population of about 900. During World War II, a Navy anti-submarine airship base (later to become a Marine Corps helicopter station) was established in unincorporated land south of the city; the two blimp hangars are among the largest wooden structures ever built and are listed on the National Register of Historic Places and ASCE List of Historic Civil Engineering Landmarks. Suburban growth after the war resulted in rapid increase in population, annexation of nearby unincorporated land including the base, and development of orchards and farmland into housing tracts and shopping malls.

EDUCATION
Primary and secondary education in Tustin and surrounding unincorporated areas is overseen by the Tustin Unified School District. Tustin High School is a California Distinguished School as is Foothill High School (Santa Ana, California). Tustin High School is also well-known regionally for its strong Model United Nations program. About half of university-bound high school graduates attend nearby University of California, Irvine.

TUSTIN POINTS OF INTEREST
* Enderle Center
* Four Crows
* Tustin Market Place
* The District at Tustin Legacy
* Jamestown Village Center

ABOUT IRVINE CALIFORNIA

Irvine borders Tustin and is an incorporated city in Orange County, California, United States. It is a planned city, mainly developed by the Irvine Company since the 1960s. Formally incorporated on December 28, 1971, the 69.7 square mile (180.5 km²) city has a population of 202,079 (as of 2007). It has annexed in the past an undeveloped area to the north, and has also annexed the former El Toro Marine Corps Air Station, most of which is to be made into a park called the Orange County Great Park. Currently, Irvine is larger in land area than any other city in Orange County because of its annexation of the southern and eastern unincorporated areas. In June 2007, it was named The Safest City in the United States (Irvine has held the title since 2005) Irvine is home to the University of California, Irvine (UCI), the Orange County Center of University of Southern California, and the Irvine Campus of Alliant International University, Concordia University, California State University Fullerton, Pepperdine University and Irvine Valley College. The Irvine Zipcodes are: 92602, 92603, 92604, 92606, 92612, 92614, 92616, 92618, 92619, 92620, 92623, 92650, 92697, 92709, 92710

HISTORY OF IRVINE
Evidence of early campsites and rock shelters in the undeveloped parts of the city puts prehistoric man in the Irvine area at least 12,000 years ago. Irvine was inhabited by the Gabrielino Indians about 2,000 years ago. Gaspar de Portola, a Spanish explorer, came to the area in 1769. This brought on the establishment of forts, missions and herds of cattle. The King of Spain parceled out land for missions and private use. After Mexico's independence from Spain in 1821, the Mexican government secularized the missions and assumed control of the lands. It began distributing the land to Mexican citizens who applied for grants. Three large Spanish/Mexican grants made up the land that later became the Irvine Ranch: Rancho Santiago de Santa Ana, Rancho San Joaquin and Rancho Lomas de Santiago. In 1864, Jose Sepulveda, owner of Rancho San Joaquin sold 50,000 acres (200 km²) to Benjamin and Thomas Flint, Llewellyn Bixby and James Irvine for $18,000 to resolve debts due to the Great Drought. In 1866, Irvine, Flint and Bixby acquired 47,000-acre (190 km²) Rancho Lomas de Santiago for $7,000. After the Mexican-American war the land of Rancho Santiago de Santa Ana fell prey to tangled titles. In 1868, the ranch was divided among four claimants as part of a lawsuit: Flint, Bixby and Irvine. The ranches were devoted to sheep grazing. However, in 1870, tenant farming was permitted.

In 1878, James Irvine acquired his partners' interests for $150,000. His 110,000 acres (450 km²) stretched 23 miles (37 km) from the Pacific Ocean to the Santa Ana River. James Irvine died in 1886. The ranch was inherited by his son, James Irvine, Jr. who incorporated it into The Irvine Company. James, Jr. shifted the ranch operations to field crops, olive and citrus crops. In 1888, the Santa Fe Railroad extended its line to Fallbrook Junction (north of San Diego) and named a station along the way after James Irvine. The town that formed around this station was named Myford, after Irvine's son, because a post office in Calaveras County already bore the family name. The town was later renamed Irvine, however, in 1914.[1] By 1918, 60,000 acres (240 km²) of lima beans were grown on the Irvine Ranch. Two Marine Corps facilities were built on the ranch during World War II and sold to the government. James Irvine, Jr. died in 1947 at the age of 80. His son, Myford, assumed the presidency of The Irvine Company. He began opening small sections of the Irvine Ranch to urban development. Myford died in 1959. The same year, the University of California asked The Irvine Company for 1,000 acres (4 km²) for a new university campus. The Irvine Company gave away the requested land and the State purchased an additional 500 acres (2 km²).

William Pereira, the University's consulting architect, and The Irvine Company planners drew up master plans for a city of 50,000 people surrounding the new university. The area would include industrial, residential and recreational areas, commercial centers and greenbelts. The new community was to be named Irvine; the old agricultural town of Irvine, where the railroad station and post office were located, was renamed East Irvine. The villages of Turtle Rock, University Park, Culverdale, the Ranch and Walnut were completed by 1970. On December 28, 1971, the residents of these communities voted to incorporate a substantially larger city than the one envisioned by the Pereira plan. By January 1999, Irvine had a population of 134,000 and a total area of 43 square miles (111 km²).

What makes LUMINEERS® Porcelain Veneers different from other veneers?

LUMINEERS® BY CERINATE® are porcelain veneers that offer the painless way to a permanently whiter and perfectly aligned smile. Your LUMINEERS dentist can apply these contact lens-thin “smile shapers” to teeth without any grinding or shaving, transforming teeth into a naturally beautiful smile that looks perfect for every individual. LUMINEERS can even be placed over existing crown or bridgework without having to replace them.

LUMINEERS are contact lens-thin and are placed over existing teeth without having to remove painful tooth structure (unlike traditional veneers.) LUMINEERS is the painless, permanent cosmetic solution for stained, chipped, discolored or misaligned teeth.

LUMINEERS can only be made from patented Cerinate porcelain unavailable anywhere other than the Cerinate Smile Design Studio. In just 2-3 visits to your LUMINEERS dentist, you can have a custom-made smile that is clinically proven to last over 20 years - and it is completely reversible since your natural tooth structure is still intact! Get your perfect smile today!

Your smile is important. It's one of the first things you notice when you meet someone. A whiter, brighter smile is beautiful - it can help you feel better about yourself and make a memorable impression

Your lifestyle and the aging process can stain and darken your teeth. Many things we do on a regular basis can contribute to stained teeth, such as drinking coffee, tea, cola and red wine or smoking.

Whitening can get your smile looking its best. Non-professional procedures and clinically unproven teeth whitening tips can often lead to unsatisfactory results, you should look for a whitening procedure that is:

Fast and convenient
Long lasting
Low sensitivity
Proven to be safe and effective
Performed by a Dental Professional

INVISALIGN
Invisalign is an almost invisible options to straighten your teeth without wearing conventional metal braces. It uses a series of clear, removable custom-made aligners to move your teeth. Because you remove the aligners before eating and drinking, there are no food restrictions or problems with flossing or brushing. This technology is also more comfortable, avoiding the mouth abrasions that can be caused by the metal and wires of conventional braces. And this technology is also more convenient, since you are likely to spend less time in our office getting adjustments.

The clear alternative to braces.

Invisalign uses a series of clear aligners that are custom-molded to fit you. The virtually invisible aligners gradually reposition your teeth into a smile you'll be proud of.

• Remove your aligners to eat, brush and floss
• Change aligners every two weeks
• Your teeth move little by little
• Regular progress checks with your dentist or orthodontist
• Results often in 6 months to 1 year

Why people prefer Invisalign

The convenience and ease of use of the Invisalign system have made it the choice of over half a million people. In fact, Invisalign has been effective in giving hundreds of thousands of people amazing new smiles.

• Most people won't notice you're in treatment
• Won't disrupt your lifestyle
• Free initial consultation with participating doctors

No metal wires or bands to irritate your mouth, and best of all, most people won't notice you're in treatment. Invisalign®, the clear alternative to braces, has been chosen by over 500,000 people who want amazing smiles.

How Invisalign can improve the health of your mouth.

Teeth that are crowded or too widely spaced can create unhealthy conditions, including swollen gums, redness and pocketing, all of which are signs of periodontal disease. As Invisalign invisibly straightens your teeth, it can also do great things for the health of your mouth.

Healthier Gums

Clinical studies have shown that gum health may improve with the use of Invisalign during orthodontic treatment¹. Properly aligned teeth can help gums "fit" tighter around each tooth², which may lead to better periodontal health. Unlike braces, with Invisalign, you can brush and floss normally, which can help prevent tooth decay and periodontal disease.

Easier Cleanings

Unlike traditional orthodontics or braces, Invisalign has no metal bands or wires to trap food and plaque. Maintaining a good oral hygiene program will also reduce chances of plaque buildup, tooth decay and periodontal disease.

Improved Chewing and Speech

For some people, incorrectly positioned teeth and jaws can exacerbate speech difficulties and chewing problems. Correcting your bite by straightening your teeth can help improve both.

Lower Risk of Trauma and Abnormal Wear

Properly aligned teeth can be less stressful on supporting bone and jaw joints.


Is Invisalign® for Me?

Effective for a wide range of smiles. The Invisalign system has been successful in giving hundreds of thousands of amazing smiles to both teens and adults. Dr. Brad Lockhart DDS in Tustin is a certified Invisalign provider will create your individual treatment plan using Invisalign’s clear, custom-molded aligners to solve a range of issues, including:

• Overly crowded teeth
• Widely spaced teeth
• Overbites
• Underbites
• Crossbites

In fact, take a look now at “Before and After” photographs of Invisalign cases. You’ll see the amazing results Invisalign can bring.

Made to fit lifestyles like yours.

Now nothing comes between your lifestyle and having an incredible smile. Because Invisalign offers you comfort, convenience and virtual invisibility during treatment. With Invisalign, you can:

• Be as active as you like because Invisalign won’t hold you back
• Remove your aligners for special events, eating and brushing
• Feel more confident everywhere you go

Look your best during treatment.

Invisalign is clear and practically invisible, so nothing gets in the way of your new smile. No wonder Invisalign is the choice of over half a million people.

• Unobtrusive in business meetings or social gatherings
• No metal wires or bands to irritate your mouth
• Many people won’t notice you’re wearing aligners

Once you decide to improve your smile, the rest is easy.

Getting started couldn't’t be simpler. The path to your amazing Invisalign^® smile begins here.

Step 1:
Visit Dr. Brad Lockhart DDS in Tustin
We offer an initial free consultation, so be sure to ask for yours.

Step 2: Map out a treatment plan.

You and your doctor develop a treatment plan specifically for you. Then the doctor takes bite impressions of your teeth, which Invisalign will use to custom-mold a series of clear, removable aligners that will gradually move your teeth into an incredible new smile.

Step 3: Your aligners are created.

The advancements in technology that led to clear aligners were developed by Invisalign. Your aligners are created via precision computer mapping and design, then are shipped to your doctor.

Step 4: Wear your aligners.

You’ll receive your aligner series, switching to a new aligner every two weeks as your teeth move. Just wear each set of aligners night and day for a two week period, removing them only to eat, brush and floss. Visit your Invisalign dentist on a regular basis for progress checks. Each case is a little different, but on average, treatment lasts about a year. Then you can show the real you with an amazing new smile!

How much does Invisalign® cost?

An investment in yourself.
We know that cost is a big question for anyone considering dental or orthodontic work. The truth is, only your doctor can determine the cost for your specific treatment. It depends on the kind of treatment you need, how long it takes, and even where you live. Invisalign treatment is usually similar to the cost of traditional braces. It can start in the ballpark of $3500 and go up from there. The national average for Invisalign is about $5000.

Does insurance cover Invisalign?

If you have dental insurance that covers orthodontic treatment, Invisalign should qualify.

How else can I get help?

Many companies allow pre-tax contributions to be set aside in a Flexible Spending Account (FSA). Orthodontic treatment is considered a qualified treatment that can be reimbursed using your FSA. Many doctors also offer flexible and affordable in-house payment plans.

What is Care Credit?

CareCredit is a third-party flexible patient financing program, specifically designed for healthcare expenses, that makes it easier for you to get the treatment or procedures you want and need. Click here for more information.

Straight teeth aren't a luxury. Any way you look at it, a great, healthy smile is an investment in yourself.

Patient Success Stories

Over 500,000 people have been treated with Invisalign®. See what some of our patients have to say.

William
Age 31
Investment Broker

At my age, to have the big metal train tracks in your mouth...I just figured, in person with people, I just wouldn't feel as comfortable as I would with something that was truly invisible. I really believe in the product, I am kind of a walking, talking billboard for it.

Breanna
Age 20
Waitress & Student

What I like best about Invisalign is the fact that I can take them out and floss and brush my teeth and put them back in. So it's not like I'm working around all this metal in my mouth, trying to get the toothbrush in there and the floss in there.

Vivian
Age 53
Nurse

I am absolutely, positively thrilled. The fact that I was done with it in less than a year, and really had no inconveniences whatsoever, makes me wonder why I even hesitated.

Daniel
Age 38
Chauffeur

I definitely smile a lot more. Even though I'm still in the process, it has given me more confidence. It's given me something to look forward to. I feel good about myself. I feel good that I have taken the steps to get these braces.

Gina
Age 31
Analyst Relations

I would not have gone the regular braces route. I am in a customer-facing position in the high-tech industry, with a lot of young and hip people around me. To be in management, with a mouthful of braces in front of customers and prospects, just wasn't an option.

Doug
Age 17
Student

My teeth look great! Using Invisalign was very easy and put me at ease, knowing that I was not going to have the pain of wires and brackets in my lips. I can now talk and smile with confidence, thanks to Invisalign.

Actual Results

Chief Concern: Spacing
Treatment Time: 13 Months

Front View

ClinCheck	Before
	After

What is Orthodontics? Orthodontics is the branch of dentistry that specializes in the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of dental irregularities. Tooth movement is accomplished by light pressure exerted on the teeth. The pressure is applied by a variety of orthodontic appliances. These appliances have progressed by use of space aged research to apply gentile forces over the course of treatment. These are not "my fathers braces", braces now come in clear or metal. They no longer need "bands" to go completely around the teeth. Many of your friends have braces or have completed treatment, look at the difference it has made.

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS ABOUT ORTHODONTICS How much do braces cost? The price of orthodontic appliances can vary, depending upon the severity of the malocclusion, appliance, treatment time and the orthodontist's fee. The price range is quite large, but you will probably end up paying between $3600-4800. The best way to get a quote is to ask your orthodontist. Do I have to? No one is going to force you to wear braces. However, if you have some sort of malocclusion, it will cause you problems later in life if it is left untreated. Braces line your teeth up in the best possible manner to avoid plaque build-up, and undue wear and tear on your teeth and gums. They also help to improve your self esteem by giving you the best possible smile. Will my braces hurt? It doesn't hurt to apply your braces, but for the first week after you've had them put on, your teeth and jaw may ache. If any parts of the braces start to hurt the inside of your mouth, you can apply wax to the braces to smooth things over. You can also take an aspirin or Disprin to help the ache. Remember - the pain doesn't last very long. It will also help to limit your diet just to soft foods for the first week. How old is too old for braces? You are never too old to benefit from wearing braces. However, there may be some limitations, depending on your age. What age should I send my child to an orthodontist? Once the deciduous teeth start to fall out (exfoliate), the child should be examined by an orthodontist. If the baby teeth have fallen out too early, a preventative treatment may be needed to stop the erupting teeth from overcrowding. When will I get my braces off? This depends on how severe your malocclusion is. It also depends on your age, your growth spurts and how willing your teeth are to move! You can speed up the process by not breaking your braces, maintaining good oral hygiene, and wearing your appliances correctly. The usual time for braces is 18 - 24 months. Are there any foods I can't eat? Yes! Some hard crunchy foods may break your braces, so you'll have to wear them longer. These food include carrots, peanuts, gum, candy, popcorn, ice, hard chips and biscuits. Can I chew gum? There are some types of gum that you can chew, which will stimulate saliva production in your mouth. Sugar-free gums such as Wrigleys are great. However, do not chew sticky gum that will get caught in your braces. Brushing & Flossing: The biggest enemy of your teeth is plaque and the most common and effective means of removing plaque from your teeth is regular brushing and flossing: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Brushing Hold the brush at an angle and press firmly against the teeth, flexing the bristles. Move the brush in small circles, cleaning the tooth surface. Brush above the archwire and below it. Brush the backside and chewing surfaces of all your teeth. Flossing Slide the floss gently between the teeth. Avoid snapping the floss through a tight space. Rub the floss up and down the sides of each tooth. Do not use a shoe shine or see-saw motion.

Sometimes, a parent whose child is being treated will choose to correct his or her bite at the same time. The fact is, braces can improve a persons smile-and confidence-at almost any age. More and more adults are turning to orthodontic treatment to correct a smile that's bothered them most of their lives. With the help of your dentist you can have a healthy, beautiful smile. And with todays smaller, less visible, more comfortable braces, plus the affordable payment plans that many orthodontists offer, adult patients are finding braces more appealing than ever. Some orthodontists even offer special payment plans for adults and their children who go through the treatment at the same time.

Depending on how much correction is needed, some patients opt for braces on the back surface of their teeth, where they're not visible to the eye. For many adults, the improvement in their health and appearance after braces is well worth the time and expense. We also offer Invisalign®, a nearly invisible mouthpiece.



While your child's teeth may appear to be straight, there could be a problem. Of course, the check-up may reveal that your child's bite is fine, and that can be comforting news. Even if a problem is detected immediate treatment may not be recommended.. Chances are, your doctor will take a "wait and see" approach, checking on your child from time to time as the permanent teeth come in and the jaws and face continue to grow. In some cases, there are problems that can benefit from early treatment.

Early treatment may prevent more serious problems from developing, and make treatment at a later age shorter and less complicated. Typically, early treatment involves the use of orthodontic appliances, which may be removable, to guide the growth of young bones and create a better environment for adult teeth as they emerge. In some cases, one will be able to achieve results that wouldn't be possible once the face and jaw have finished growing. Early treatment gives your child's dentist the chance to:

Guide jaw growth
Lower the risk of trauma to protruded front teeth
Correct harmful oral habits
Improve appearance and self-esteem
Guide permanent teeth into a more favorable position
Improve the way lips meet

It's not always easy to tell when your child has an orthodontic problem. Even teeth that look straight may be hiding a problem bite, and that's why it's important to take your child for that first orthodontic checkup no later than age 7. Here are some clues that may indicate the need for orthodontic attention:

Early or late loss of baby teeth
Difficulty in chewing or biting
Breathing through the mouth
Thumb-sucking
Crowded, misplaced or blocked out teeth
Jaws that are too far forward or back
Biting the cheek or biting into the roof of the mouth
Protruding teeth
Upper and lower teeth don't meet, or meet in an abnormal way
An unbalanced facial appearance
Grinding or clenching of the teeth

Dental implants are designed to provide a foundation for replacement teeth that look, feel, and function like natural teeth. The person who has lost teeth regains the ability to eat virtually anything and can smile with confidence, knowing that teeth appear natural and that facial contours will be preserved. The implants themselves are tiny titanium posts that are placed into the jawbone where teeth are missing. The bone bonds with the titanium, creating a strong foundation for artificial teeth. In addition, implants can help preserve facial structure, preventing the bone deterioration that occurs when teeth are missing. 

Dental implants are changing the way people live!  With them, people are rediscovering the comfort and confidence to eat, speak, laugh and enjoy life.

How Dental Implants Work- Dental implants are metal anchors, which act as tooth root substitutes. They are surgically placed into the jawbone. Small posts are then attached to the implant, which protrude through the gums. These posts provide stable anchors for artificial replacement teeth.

For most patients, the placement of dental implants involves two surgical procedures. First, implants are placed within your jawbone. For the first three to six months following surgery, the implants are beneath the surface of the gums gradually bonding with the jawbone. You should be able to wear temporary dentures and eat a soft diet during this time. At the same time, your restorative dentist designs the final bridgework or denture, which will ultimately improve both function and aesthetics.

After the implant has bonded to the jawbone, the second phase begins. Your implant surgeon will uncover the implants and attach a small healing collar. Then your doctor will be able to begin making your new teeth. An impression must be taken. Then posts or attachments can be connected to the implants. The teeth replacements are then made over the posts or attachments. The entire procedure usually takes six to eight months. Most patients do not experience any disruption in their daily life.

There are various different implants on the market and each one has its advantages. Please find listed below some that we use:

New NobelActive™ - from Nobel Biocare implants is a 3rd generation implant design. A breakthrough implant design with revolutionary bone-condensing capability. NobelActive™ offers unique advantages and is clinically documented 98% success rate * potentially fewer drilling protocol steps, depending on bone density and quantity. * Minimal osteotomy with minor trauma to bone and surrounding tissues * extremely high stability in fresh extraction sites and sites with thin sinus floors * ability to change direction during surgery gives full flexibility for optimal placement * a narrow neck designed to preserve marginal bone * grooves on threads and scientifically proven TiUnite™ surface

Straumann product Reliable. Simple. Versatile. With more than 20 years of clinical research that have resulted in over 3,000 independent scientific publications, we offer the most extensively documented, clinically validated and practice-proven implant system in the market.ads and scientifically proven TiUnite™ surface Reliable * Implants designed for optimal tissue response * Reduced healing time * Morse taper connection for maximum stability Simple * A logical component structure * Procedures that are easy to learn * One surgical kit Versatile * Successful outcomes with any indication * Free choice of surgical procedure * A wide range of prosthetic options

BIOMENT 3i The Revolutionary NanoTite™ Implant – A Bone Bonding™ Surface. Preclinical Studies Demonstrate A Substantial Improvement On The Rate And Extent Of Osseointegration For The NanoTite Implant Versus The OSSEOTITE Implant Leading To Implant Stability 12 Synergy Of The OSSEOTITE® Surface And Discrete Crystalline Deposition Of Calcium Phosphate (CaP) – More Complex Topography And The Biologic Benefits Of Cap

BRANEMARK

Branemark The Revolutionary NanoTite™ Implant – A Bone Bonding™ Surface. Branemark adheres to the principles of Osseointegration, a term founded by Professor Per-Ingvar Brånemark after his important breakthrough in the 1950s when he discovered that bone can integrate with titanium components. Professor Brånemark named his discovery from the Latin word os – which means bone, and integrate – which means make whole, which can also be expressed as interactive coexistence. We have developed bone grafting techniques that allow us to build bone where the original quantity is insufficient for fixture placement. But as grafting is a rather invasive procedure, we have also developed a technique for placing fixtures in the zygomatic cheek bone, which in many cases eliminates the need for grafting also in the severely resorbed maxilla. Another exciting development involves a procedure we call Brånemark Novum®. It eliminates the discomfort that can occur during a long healing period and the problems associated with a removable denture. Instead the fixtures are inserted in the morning and the final prosthesis is anchored in the afternoon. The patient can eat lighter food already at the end of the first treatment day. In addition, the new procedure costs significantly less than what is customary for restoring a completely edentulous mandible.

IMPLADENT

Impladent The Revolutionary Features of Bone Compaction by LaminOss® Taps - Bone compaction and minimal bone loss are achieved by the unique compound angles of the surgical taps that provide a simultaneous, progressive internal cutting edge, followed by the outer flat compressive surface area of the tap at the time of bone threading procedures. Impladent Ltd.develops, manufactures, and distributes a broad range of innovative synthetic bioactive resorbable bone products, osteocompressive immediate-load dental implants, chairside prosthetic modalities for immediate implant splinting and reconstruction, and a line of surgical motors and hand pieces. For over 17 years, Impladent Ltd. has been recognized as a leader in the innovation and development of synthetic resorbable bone grafts, osteocompressive immediate-load dental implants.

What does treatment involve?
Treatment often involves from one to three visits. The pulp chamber and root canal(s) of the tooth are then cleaned and sealed. Here's how your tooth is saved through treatment:



1. First, an opening is made through the crown of the tooth.

2. An opening is made through the crown of the tooth into the pulp chamber.

3. The pulp is then removed. The root canal(s) is cleaned and shaped to a form that can be filled.

4. The pulp is removed, and the root canals are cleaned, enlarged and shaped.

5. Medications may be put in the pulp chamber and root canal(s) to help get rid of germs and prevent infection.

6. A temporary filling will be placed in the crown opening to protect the tooth between dental visits. Your dentist may leave the tooth open for a few days to drain. You might also be given medicine to help control infection that may have spread beyond the tooth.

7. The pulp chamber and root canals are filled and sealed.

8. The temporary filling is removed and the pulp chamber and root canal(s) are cleaned and filled.

9. In the final step, a gold or porcelain crown is usually placed over the tooth. If an endodontist performs the treatment, he or she will recommend that you return to your family dentist for this final step.

10. The crown of the tooth is then restored.

A crown is a prosthetic placed over an existing tooth to create a smoother, cleaner look and to increase the strength and durability of that tooth. It's the same size and shape as the natural tooth. They're a good option if you have damage or decay that's so extensive that filling materials can't keep the tooth strong enough. The crown not only restores the appearance of your teeth, but can also affect the muscles in your face. So it will help to keep your jaw and bite properly aligned and will prevent other teeth from shifting or taking on a too-large share of the work of biting and chewing. A crown may be recommended when a tooth: Is fractured Has an outdated filling Is severely damaged by decay

Types of crowns

Crowns can be made from different materials:

• Full porcelain
• Porcelain-fused-to-metal
• All-metal crown

Crown Technology

Crown technology has much improved over the years, and if you have any older crowns, Dr. Brad Lockhart can replace them with new, more real-looking ones. Today's well-constructed crowns look and function like natural teeth.

When crowns are made of porcelain, they're carefully matched in color to your other teeth, so they can't be recognized as being crowns.

The biggest benefit is the all porcelain crowns are much less likely to create periodontal infections and cause gum recession. They are a better technology than conventional metal crowns.

• Many people prefer porcelain crowns because of their cosmetically pleasing appearance.
  
  
• New materials are now available that in some cases allow the use of "all-ceramic" crowns.

As an alternative to porcelain, crowns are sometimes made of gold and sometimes of stainless steel.

• Some people would rather not have gold crowns, because they stand out from the other teeth in appearance.
  
  
• But if the crown is on a back molar, others feel the cosmetic issue isn't a big one.

If a crown is recommended for you, Dr. Brad Lockhart will discuss the types of materials available and together you can arrive at the best course of action.

Protecting your crown

Once your crown is in place, it needs to be cared for, just as natural teeth do. In particular, the base of the crown needs careful cleaning to prevent bacterial growth and gum disease from starting underneath the crown.

Regular brushing and flossing will keep your crown in place for years to come.

When a tooth is missing, the neighboring teeth can drift out of position, and that can cause:

• A change in your bite
• Loss of additional teeth
• Decay of the remaining teeth
• Gum disease

If you've lost one or more teeth, Dr. Brad Lockhart may recommend a bridge .

A bridge is a group of interconnected crowns, which replace the missing teeth and support the surrounding teeth. When it's held in place by two crowns, a bridge can:

• Lower the risk of gum disease
• Help correct any bite misalignment
• Improve clarity of speech

When done by a fully qualified cosmetic dentist, bridges are effective and durable, and can last over 10 years.

How is a bridge constructed?

• Dr. Brad Lockhart will first reshape the targeted teeth so they can accommodate the crowns
  
  
• Then he'll take impressions of those teeth, and from the impressions, the crowns will be made
  
  
• When the crowns are ready, the porcelain tooth or teeth will be bonded to them
  
  
• A temporary bridge will be inserted, giving you a feel of how the final bridgework will modify your mouth
  
  
• A couple of weeks later, the temporary bridge will be removed and the permanent one inserted, adjusted and cemented into place.

After the bridge is cemented, you can again enjoy your favorite foods with confidence.

Bridges enable us to avoid that sunken look that's caused by missing teeth, and by stabilizing that area they give us a more youthful appearance. We can smile with confidence again.

DENTURES
Complete and Partial

Complete (Full) Dentures There are two different types of complete dentures; immediate and conventional. Immediate dentures are typically made when the patients existing natural teeth are being removed and the new dentures are delivered the day of the extractions.

Conventional dentures are typically made when existing dentures are being replaced. A conventional denture is ready for placement in the mouth about 8 to 12 weeks after the teeth have been removed.

Unlike conventional dentures, immediate dentures are made in advance and can be positioned as soon as the teeth are removed. As a result, the wearer does not have to be without teeth during the healing period. However, bones and gums shrink over time, especially during the healing period following tooth removal. Therefore a disadvantage of immediate dentures compared with conventional dentures is that they require more adjustments to fit properly during the healing process and generally should only be considered a temporary solution until conventional dentures can be made.

Partial Dentures A removable partial denture or bridge usually consists of replacement teeth attached to a pink or gum-colored plastic base, which is connected by metal framework that holds the denture in place in the mouth.







Partial dentures are used when one or more natural teeth remain in the upper or lower jaw. A fixed (permanent) bridge replaces one or more teeth by placing crowns on the teeth on either side of the space and attaching artificial teeth to them. This "bridge" is then cemented into place. Not only does a partial denture fill in the spaces created by missing teeth, it prevents other teeth from changing position. A precision partial denture is removable and has internal attachments rather than clasps that attach to the adjacent crowns. This is a more natural-looking appliance.

Are There Alternatives to Dentures? Yes, dental implants can be used to support permanently cemented bridges, eliminating the need for a denture. The cost is usually greater, but the implants and bridges more closely resemble the feel of real teeth. Dental implants are becoming the alternative to dentures but not everyone is a candidate for implants. Consult your dentist for advice.

WEARING DENTURES:

CLEANING DENTURES:

EATING WITH DENTURES:

PROBLEMS / SORE SPOTS WITH DENTURES:

PROPHYLAXIS - FLOURIDE - SEALANTS

Q. I have some old silver fillings which are beginning to look bad. What can be done to improve them.

A. Silver amalgam fillings, which are composed of 50% mercury and 50% silver alloy ,eventually need to be replaced. It may surprise you to know that the average life span of a silver filling is five to eight years. Your dentist can tell you when they appear to NEED to be replaced due to leakage, breakdown or recurrent decay.

If your concern is strictly COSMETIC, there are many new methods available to replace the fillings with beautiful, functional long lasting restorations.

Such things as white filling materials, porcelain inlays , crowns and veneers may be used to give you the smile you are seeking.

There is currently a great deal of interest in new reinforced hybrid materials. These beautiful resin materials may be reinforced with fibers, similar to fiberglass, and used in very conservative inlays and bridges without having to grind away a whole healthy tooth.

A. You are correct. There are many products and techniques available. Some work great and some don't work at all. The various over the counter products give the least predictable results.

To get a really great result you should probably use one of the products sold through dental offices which utilize custom made trays for home app- lication of a bleaching gel.

At our practice we offer some the best whitening formulas and products on the market.

We also get questions about "laser whitening". With this method a laser is used as a light source to activate the bleaching gel which is applied to your teeth in the dental office. It may be necessary to use the at home trays in addition to this initial lengthy treatment. Side effects can include senstivity to treated teeth.

A. Dental implants are a wonderful way to replace missing teeth when certain conditions exist. Such things as your overall general health and the length of time you have been missing your teeth must be considered. The replacement of missing teeth using dental implants frequently requires a team approach.

After your dentist does a thorough examination and treatment plan the surgical phase of treatment takes place. In most cases a periodontist or an oral surgeon will put the implant(s), the artificial root(s) into the jaw. When healing is complete, usually after 4-6 months, The tooth or bridge segment can be placed on top of the healed implants by a general dentist or a prosthodontist . Some dentists are trained to place the surgical part of the implant as well as the prosthetic or tooth part.

You should ask your dentist if you are a good candidate for implants and ask for a referral if he or she doesn't do them.

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A. This is a good question, which we hear daily. The brand of the toothbrush is not nearly as critical as the type of bristle, the size and shape of the head and how frequently you replace your brush.

We recommend a soft bristled brush with a small head. The soft bristles are most important for the health of your gums. A small head allows you to get around each tooth more completely and is less likely to injure your gums.Daily frequency of brushing and replacement with a new brush are much more important issues than the brand you choose.

We recommend replacing your brush at least once a month.

My employees and I all brush, on average, 5 times a day. We brush first thing in the morning, after each meal and at the end of the day .

If you are not able to do this because of your busy schedule, we recommend brushing twice a day at a bare minimum.

Q. When I visited my dentist for my last checkup, she told me that I have impacted wisdom teeth and she wants to remove them. They are not bothering me. Should I see a specialist if I decide to have them removed? What should I do?

A. Having regular dental checkups with x-rays allows you to learn about potential problems and have them corrected BEFORE they begin to bother you. There are a number of reasons for recommending removal of unerupted or impacted teeth. Your dentist may have seen that these teeth could cause problems for the adjacent teeth if left in place. There is also the possibility that you could develop such things as a cyst or abscess if left in place.

General dentists who provide any specialty service such as root canal treatment, braces, oral surgery or periodontal surgery are required by law to adhere to the same standard of care provided by a specialist

Your dentist should be happy to talk more with you about this. If you still have questions, you might want to see another dentist for a second opinion.

Q. I just recently went to a new dentist for a checkup and cleaning and asked him to check a cap that that was put on one of my front teeth by my former dentist. He informed me that I did not have a cap on any of my teeth. I know my last dentist fixed a broken front tooth and said he capped it. Who should I believe?

A. You have just experienced one of a number of common misunderstandings we see in dentistry today. Terminology used in dentistry is not 100% uniform throughout our profession. Both dentists were probably "correct".

The word "cap" as used in dentistry by different dentists can refer to a number of different things. A pulp cap refers to a calcium containing dressing placed under a deep filling to stimulate healing. A full crown, made by a dental laboratory which completely covers the outside of your tooth is frequently called a cap. A partly broken tooth may be built up by your dentist in the office with a bonded filling material. This is called a cap or "capping" by some dentists. This sounds like what you probably had done.

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Q. My son is six years old and starting to get his permanent teeth. I am concerned because the teeth are discolored. Some even have a brownish or greenish hue. What caused this and what can be done about it?

A. From your description, it sounds like a very normal situation and nothing to be concerned about. When the teeth are forming in the jaws, they are surrounded by a soft tissue membrane called Nasmyth's Membrane (named after Alexander Nasmyth, a Scottish dental surgeon in London who died in 1847).

As the teeth erupt, remnants of this membrane remain on the surface of the enamel. The fibrous nature of the membrane readily picks up coloration from food.

In most cases normal chewing and brushing will remove the remnants with time. If they don't come off, they can be removed by having a professional cleaning.

Other causes for staining of teeth include high fevers during infancy, too much fluoride in drinking water and certain medications if taken while the teeth are still forming.

Q. It has been quite a while since I have been to a dentist because I cannot stand the sound of the drill. I think I have a new cavity but am reluctant to call a dentist . What can I do? I don't want a toothache and certainly don't want to lose my tooth.

A. Dental technology has come a long way in recent years. If you have a new cavity that requires a filling, there is "new" air abrasive equipment which replaces the drill for removing decay. It is quick, silent and in most cases you do not need a shot of anesthetic because there is no heat or vibration to cause pain.

Air abrasion theory has been around in dentistry since the fifties but has only recently become practical to use because of downsizing of equipment and the development of filling materials which can be used with the new way of preparing teeth for fillings.

Our patients love it. For youngsters who are experiencing their first cavity, it is a great way to go - no noise, no needle, no pain! It won't work for all cavities, but with your dislike of the drill, you should certainly see a dentist who uses this technology.

Q. My boyfriend thinks it would be neat if I got my tongue pierced. What can you tell me about this? I am a little concerned about whether it would be safe. I do have pierced ears and have not had any trouble with that.

A. In a word (or four) PLEASE DON"T DO IT! Fortunately, I have only seen a couple of these in "real life". I have read of numerous cases in our dental journals which have resulted in all sorts of problems.

To begin with, the tongue is an extremely vascular organ, which means that it has loads of blood vessels. A tremendous amount of swelling is expected when the tongue is pierced and a large oversized "barbell" is initially placed to accommodate for the expected swelling.

This can cause difficulty in breathing and swallowing. Eating, drinking and speech are all impaired. The large barbell flops around and has caused unrestorable fractures of teeth when accidentally bitten.

The barbell can come unscrewed and be swallowed or possibly be aspirated, sucked into the lung. Either of these could require surgery.

Dental Health: Cavities

Cavities occur as a result of tooth decay. Tooth decay is the destruction of tooth structure. Tooth decay can affect both the enamel (the outer coating of the tooth) and the dentin layer of the tooth.

Tooth decay occurs when foods containing carbohydrates (sugars and starches) such as breads, cereals, milk, soda, fruits, cakes, or candy are left on the teeth. Bacteria that live in the mouth digest these foods, turning them into acids. The bacteria, acid, food debris, and saliva combine to form plaque, which clings to the teeth. The acids in plaque dissolve the enamel surface of the teeth, creating holes in the teeth called cavities, or caries.

Who Gets Cavities?

Many people think cavities only affect children, but changes that occur with aging make cavities an adult problem too. Recession of the gums (a pulling away of gum tissue from the teeth), often associated with an increased incidence of gingivitis (gum disease), can expose tooth roots to plaque. Also, sugary food cravings in pregnant women can make them more vulnerable to developing cavities.

Decay around the edges of fillings is also common in older adults. Because many older adults lacked the benefits of fluoride and modern preventive dental care when they were growing up, they often have a number of dental fillings. Over the years, these fillings may weaken and can fracture, allowing bacteria to accumulate in the tiny crevices causing tooth decay.

How Do I Know if I Have a Cavity?

Your dentist can discover cavities during your regular dental checkup The tooth surface feels soft when probed by your dentist with a dental instrument. X-rays can also show cavities before they become visible to the eye.

In advanced stages of tooth decay, you might experience a toothache, especially after consuming sweet, hot, or cold foods or drinks. Other signs of tooth decay are visible pits or holes in the teeth.

How Are Cavities Treated?

Cavities are treated in a number of different ways depending on the extent of tooth decay. If decay is not extensive, the decayed portion of the tooth is removed by drilling and replaced with a filling made of silver alloy, gold, porcelain, or a composite resin. Restorative materials used in fillings are considered safe. Concerns have been raised over the safety of mercury-based, silver amalgams in particular, but the ADA, FDA, and other public health agencies continue to support the safety of this restorative material. Allergies to silver amalgam are rare as are allergies to other restorative materials.

If the decay is extensive and there is limited tooth structure remaining, crowns will be used. If a crown is needed, the decayed or weakened area of the tooth is removed and repaired and a crown is fitted over the remainder of the tooth. Crowns are made from gold, porcelain, or porcelain fused to metal.

If the decay causes the nerve or pulp of the tooth to die, a root canal will be performed. During the procedure, the center of the tooth (including the nerve, blood vessel, and tissue) is removed along with the decayed portions of the tooth. The roots are then filled with a sealing material. If necessary, a crown can be placed over the filled tooth.

Several new treatments are under development. One experimental technique uses fluorescent light to detect the development of cavities long before they can be detected by traditional means, such as x-rays or dental examination. In many cases, if cavities can be detected early, the decay process can be stopped or reversed.

Researchers are also working on a "smart filling" to prevent further tooth decay by slowly releasing fluoride over time around fillings and in adjacent teeth.

Reviewed by the doctors at The Cleveland Clinic Department of Dentistry - Source WEBMD.

Glossary of Dental Terms

ABSCESS -  a local infection. A  Severe decay, periodontal disease, or trauma are causative  factors. It is characterized by swelling and pain. If an abscess ruptures, it  will be accompanied by sudden relief from pain due to a reduction in pressure. A  foul taste may also be noticed.

ABUTMENT - a term used to denote  the teeth on either side of a missing tooth.

ACRYLIC RESIN - the  plastic widely used in dentistry to make dentures.

ACTIVE ERUPTION - the emergence of the tooth from its position in the jaw.

ADHESION - the sticking together of unlike substances

ADJUSTMENT - a modification made upon a dental prosthesis after it has been completed and inserted into the mouth.

AEROBIC BACTERIA - bacteria which grow in oxygen rich environments; in the oral cavity the  bacteria are found outside the sulcus.

AFFERENT - nerves that  carry sensory messages toward the brain.

AGAR - a gelatin like substance obtained from seaweed; used in impression materials.

ALGINATE - an impression material used by dentists for making stone models.

ALVEOLECTOMY - an operation where portions of the alveolar bone are removed.

ALVEOLAR BONE - the bone surrounding the root of the tooth; loss of this bone is typically associated with severe periodontal disease.

ALVEOLAR CREST - the highest portion of alveolar bone.

ALVEOLAR EMINENCE - outline of the root on the facet portion of the bone.

ALVEOLAR PROCESS - the portion of the mandible or maxilla that surrounds the root of a tooth.

ALVEOLUS - the bony socket in which the root of the tooth sits.

AMALGAM - or silver filling; an alloy in which one of the metals is mercury. Below are the approximate percentages of the component elements:

Mercury Hg 50%
Silver Ag 35%
Tin Sn 13%
Copper Cu 0-3%
Zinc Zn 0-1%

ANAEROBIC BACTERIA - bacteria that do not need oxygen to grow;  they are generally associated with periodontal disease.

ANODONTIA - the developmental absence of teeth.

ANTIBIOTIC - substance  produced by or derived from bacteria which is able to inhibit or kill other  bacteria.

ANTIMICROBIAL - destroying or inhibiting the growth of bacteria.

ANATOMICAL CROWN - the portion of the tooth that is covered with enamel.

ANTISCEPTIC - A chemical agent which can be applied to living tissues to destroy germs.

ANESTHESIA - medication which relieves the  sensation of pain.

ANNIVERSARY YEAR - begins on the day of the month that the patients' insurance became effective.

ANOMALY - a  deviation from the normal or expected outcome.

ANTAGONIST - a  structure that opposes or counteracts another structure.

ANTERIOR - situated in front of.

ANTERIOR TEETH - the front teeth  (incisors and cupids).

ANUG - Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis. An acute, painful condition characterized by severe gingival  redness, spontaneous bleeding, foul breath and pain.

APEX - the  pointed extremity of a structure.

APICAL FORAMEN - the opening at the end of the root of a tooth through which the tooth receives its nerve and blood supply.

APPOSITION - the laying down of, or addition of.

ARCH - a curvature; both the maxillary and mandibular ridge form  a horseshoe shaped arch.

ARTICULATING PAPER - carbon paper;  placed between the upper and lower teeth to mark contact.

ARTICULATOR - a mechanical device used to replicate functional movements of the jaw to casts.

ASSIGNMENT OF BENEFITS - a clause in an insurance policy  that allows the insured person to direct the carrier's payment to the dentist.

ASPIRATOR - The tube-like straw which the dentist place in your mouth for suction.

ASYMMETRY/ SYMMETRY - To be esthetic, tooth Size, shape and gum contour should be as close to identical from one side of the mouth to the other. Ideally, the incisal edges of your teeth should follow the contour of the upper lip. 

ATTACHMENT LEVEL - a numerical measure of the amount of attachment of the periodontal ligament to a tooth; the number is generally determined by combining a pocket depth measurement with a measurement of  gingival recession. Attachment level is considered one of the most important measures of periodontal disease progress or treatment success

ATTRITION - the wearing away of tooth structure through normal use (ie. chewing, biting, etc.).

AXON - the process that carries impulses away from the cell body of a nerve.

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B

BACK TEETH - see POSTERIOR TEETH

BENEFIT YEAR - generally begins on the  month of the year that the employer purchased the plan.

BICUSPIDS - or having two cusps. The first and second bicuspids; they are the fourth and fifth teeth from the center of the mouth, respectively. These are the back teeth that are used for chewing.

BIFURCATION - having two branches, or dividing into two parts.

BILATERAL - both sides.

BIRTHDAY RULE - applies when a child is covered under both parent's plans; the plan of the parent who's birthday (month and day, not year)  falls earlier in the calendar year is billed first (in cases of divorce or  separation, other factors pertain).

BITEWING - a single X-ray that shows the upper and lower teeth's biting surfaces on the same film.

BLEACHING - cosmetic whitening of teeth using peroxide.

BOLUS - chewed up mass of food and saliva.

BONDING - the covering of a tooth surface to correct stained or damaged teeth.

BRIDGE - a fixed appliance (prosthesis) that replaces missing teeth. A bridge is a series of attached crowns (abutments and pontics).

BRUXISM - or the grinding of teeth, usually occurs during sleep.

BUCCAL - or pertaining to the cheek.

BUCCINATOR MUSCLE - the cheek muscle.

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C

CALENDAR YEAR - January 1st to December 31st.

CALCIFICATION - the process  of hardening through the deposition of lime salts.

CALCULUS -  hard calcium like deposits which form on teeth and dentures.

CANAL - the narrow chamber inside the root of a tooth that contains nerve tissue and blood vessels.

CANINES - See CUSPIDS; so named because the  correspond to the long teeth of a dog.

CAPITATION PLAN - a plan whereby the dentist is contracted with the administrator to provide dental services to persons covered under the program in return for payment on a per-capita basis.

CARIOGENIC - or cancer-causing

CARIES - medical term for decay; caused by decalcification of the enamel and disintegration of the dentin by acid producing bacteria.

CARIOGENIC - or decay-causing

CARRIER - the party  (usually an insurance company) that pays claims and collects premiums.

CARRYOVER - If the deductible was paid last year, the next year  (or quarter, Jan., Feb. and March) they do not have to pay the deductible again.

CAST - reproduction of the mouth in stone or plaster.

CAVITY - see CARIES.

CEMENT - a dental material  used to seal inlays, onlays, and crowns; also used for pupal protection.

CEMENTUM - makes up the dull yellow outer surface of the roots.

CENTRIC OCCLUSION - the relationship of the occlusal surfaces of one arch to those in the opposing arch at physical rest position.

CENTRIC RELATION - the relationship of the maxillary arch to the  mandibular arch when the condyle is in its most retracted position.

CERVICAL - pertaining to the neck of a tooth.

CERVIX - the neck of the tooth; the area where the crown joins the root or the  enamel joins the cementum.

CHEEK POUCH - the area of the mouth  inside the cheek.

CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC - an agent of a chemical nature which exerts an antimicrobial effect.

CINGULUM - a raised area on the lingual surface of anterior teeth.

CLASP - the metal  part of a partial denture and which helps to retain, support, and stabilize the appliance.

CLEANING - See PROPHYLAXIS.

CLEFT PALATE - an opening in the palate.

CLINICAL CROWN - that portion of  the tooth visible in the mouth, extending from the occlusal or incisal edge to the crest of the free gingiva.

CLOSED PANEL - a plan where the covered patient only receives benefits if the services are provided by a dentist  contracted with the plan's administrator.

COL - a "V-shaped  depression in the facial-lingual interdental papilla located cervically to the  contact area of the tooth.

COMMUNITION - crushing or grinding to  a powder.

COMPLETE SERIES - See FULL-MOUTH X-RAYS.

COMPOSITE FILLING - tooth-colored restorative material. The word "composite" refers to the mixture of filler particles in a liquid resin. Commonly, the resin used is BIS-GMA (bis-gammamethylmetacrylate). Filler particles are added to alter the color and wear characteristics. Common filler particles are silica, aluminum, zinc, tin, copper and iron.

CONCAVE - curving inward away from the viewer.

CONTACT  AREA - that portion of the proximal surface of a tooth that touches the adjacent tooth.

CONVEX - curving outward toward the viewer.

COSMETIC DENTISTRY - aesthetic improvement of the color and shape of teeth performed by a general dentist.

CREST - a prominence or  ridge.

CROSS CONTAMINATION - Passing disease indirectly from one patient to another through the use of improper sterilization procedures.

CROWN - full coverage for a tooth (used when the tooth cannot be restored by a filling).

CURETTAGE - the surgical scraping of bacteria from soft tissue. This is a periodontal procedure and is usually performed one quadrant at a time.

CUSPID - the third  tooth from the center of the mouth towards the back, also known as canines.

CUSPS - elevated points on the chewing surfaces of back teeth  (posterior teeth).

CUSTOM TRAY - an individual tray; custom made  to fit a patient's mouth.

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D

DEBRIDEMENT - treatment of a bacterial infection by removing irritants (bacteria,  calculus) from the periodontal pocket so as to allow healing of adjacent  tissues.

DECALCIFICATION - The loss of calcium from your teeth, weakening the teeth and making them more susceptible to decay

DECIDUOUS TEETH - baby teeth; teeth that exfoliate or  shed. see PRIMARY TEETH.

DEDUCTIBLE - the amount paid by the patient before the carrier begins benefit payments.

DEGLUTITION -  swallowing.

DEMINERALIZATION - loss of mineral from tooth enamel  just below the surface in a carious lesion; usually appearing as a white area on the tooth surface.

DENDRITE - the process that conducts impulses toward the cell body of a nerve.

DENTAL MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATION  (D.M.O.) - a legal entity that accepts the responsibility of providing  services at a fixed price.

DENTAL RESIN - a dental material  applied to the tooth which is used in cases of severe dentinal hypersensitivity; usually not used unless all other treatment attempts have failed.

DENTAL VARNISH - a hypersensitivity treatment which sometimes contains sodium fluoride; applied to the tooth surface, covering the outer surface of dentin and thus blocking transmission of stimuli to the pulp.

DENTIN - the hard, yellowish tissue underlying the enamel and cementum; it makes up the major bulk of the tooth.

DENTINAL TUBULES - microscopic canals that run from the outside of the dentin to the nerve  inside the tooth.

DENTITION - the natural teeth as a unit.

DENTURE - a removable appliance (prosthesis) that replaces missing teeth in either the upper or lower jaw.

DESENSITIZATION -  the blocking of painful stimuli which cause dentinal hypersensitivity.

DESICCATE - to make dry; to remove all moisture.

DESQUAMATION - a peeling of gingival tissue; in cases of  desquamative gingivitis, the tissues may appear smooth and shiny, with patches  of bright red and gray. Surface tissue may peel away, exposing a raw, bleeding,  painful surface.

DEVELOPMENTAL DEPRESSION - a concavity in a surface that formed while the tooth was developing.

DIAGNOSIS - the process of identifying the nature of a disorder.

DIAGNOSTIC -  procedures performed by the dentist to identify what's going on in the mouth.

DIASTEMA - a space between the teeth.

DILACERATION - an abnormal tooth that where both the crown and the root are twisted.

DIPHYODONT - having two successive sets of teeth.

DIRECT CONTAMINATION - Direct contact with impurities or germs.

DISINFECTION - A cleaning process which destroys the majority of microorganism, but not highly resistant forms such as bacterial and mycotic spores.

DISINFECTANT - A chemical agent which is applied onto inanimate surfaces to destroy germs.

DISPOSABLE MATERIALS - materials intended for one-use and discarded. (e.g.: Gloves, paper gowns, cotton rolls, etc.)

DISTAL - the surface of the tooth farthest from the midline of  the dental arch.

DIVERGENT - spread.

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E

EDEMA -  swelling resulting from fluid accumulation in gingival tissues.

EDENTULOUS - having no teeth.

EFFERENT - the  nerves that carry motor messages away from the brain.

EMBRASURE -  the space between two teeth created by the sloping away of the mesial and distal surfaces.

EMINENCE - a prominence.

EMPRESS - Type of porcelain crown and porcelain veneer/laminate. The advantage Empress is that it blends very nicely with the surrounding teeth; it is very esthetic.

ENAMEL - the  hard, white shiny surface of the crown; composed of 95% calcium hydroxyapatite.

ENDODONTICS (ENDO) - the treatment of diseases or injuries that affect the root tip or nerve of the tooth.

EROSION - The dissolution of tooth structure due to the presence of gastric juices or citrus. Erosion seldom occurs alone; it is often accompanied by attrition or abrasion (or both) to varying degrees. Acidic foods, such  as citrus fruits and juices should be avoid in patients with signs of erosion.

ERUPTION - the moving of the tooth occlusally.

EXCLUSION - services not covered by a  dental plan.

EXFOLIATE - to shed.

EXPLORER - a  probe used to detect cavity growth.

EXTERNAL - on the outer surface.

EXTRACTION - the removal of teeth.

EXTRAORAL - Outside the mouth.

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F

FACIAL -  the surface next to the face; the outer surface of a tooth resting against the  cheeks or lips.

FEE SCHEDULE - a set amount paid by the insurance company regardless of the doctor's fee.

FILTRUM - the dimple or indentation under the nose directly above the upper lip.

FISSURE - cleft-like grooves in the chewing surface of the back teeth.

FISTULA - an abnormal passage formed in the gum tissue through which an abscessed tooth drains.

FLUORIDE - topical application of a gel or liquid that  prevents decay.

FLUOROSIS - discoloration of the enamel due to excessive fluoride absorption (greater than one 1 part per million) into the bloodstream, also called enamel mottling.

FORAMEN - an opening in  bone.

FORNEX - vault or arch shaped.

FOSSA - a  shallow depression on the lingual (tongue) surfaces of some front teeth.

FREE GINGIVA - the marginal part of the gingival (gums) that can  be deflected from the tooth surface; it forms a collar around the tooth.

FRENUM - a fold of mucous membrane that connects two parts.

FRONT TEETH - See ANTERIOR TEETH.

FULL MOUTH X-RAYS - X-rays showing all the teeth. Includes 14 periapicals and 4 bitewings, also known as a complete series.

FURCATION - an area where the  root divides.

FURROW - a groove.

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G

GALVANIC CURRENT - a current of electricity produced by chemical action between two metals suspended in liquid.

GENDER RULE - when a child is covered  under both parent's plans, the father's plan is billed first (in cases of divorce or separation other factors must be considered).

GENERAL  ANESTHESIA - relieves the sensation of pain.

GENERAL DENTIST - primary care provider for patients in all age groups.

GERIATRIC  DENTIST - general dentist who primarily treats senior citizens.

GINGIVA - the soft tissue surrounding teeth, also known as the gums.

GINGIVAL CREST - the prominent edge of occlusal or incisal  gingiva.

GINGIVAL HYPERTROPHY - The abnormal enlargement of the gingiva surrounding the teeth caused by poor oral hygiene or the use of certain medications.

GINGIVECTOMY - the removal of soft tissue surrounding the tooth; typically used in the treatment of periodontal disease.

GINGIVITIS - inflamed and swollen gum tissue most commonly caused by plaque.  If left untreated, may lead to periodontitis.

GOLDON PROPORTION - The guidelines which dentists use in determining the most esthetic appearance of a particular tooth (teeth need to maintain a certain height to width ratio to look their best.)

GROOVE - a long, narrow depression.

GUTTA PERCHA - material used in the filling of root canals.

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H

HANDPIECE - the instrument used to hold and revolve burs in dental operations.

HEAT-STERILIZING - Use of an autoclave or dry-heat sterilizer to kill all potential disease-causing  agents that remain following patient treatment. Any instruments that is not heat stable and cannot tolerate high temperatures should be thoroughly cleaned and soaked in disinfectant chemicals.

HETERODONT - different types of teeth within the same dentition (ie. incisors, canines, molars).

HISTO-DIFFERENTIATION -  development into a specialized tissue.

HISTOLOGY - the study of tissues.

HOMODONT - the presence of only one type of tooth in the  dentition.

HYPERPLASIA - over-growth of a part; an increase in  the number of cells.

HYPERSENSITIVITY - a sharp, sudden painful  reaction in teeth when exposed to hot, cold, chemical, mechanical or osmotic  (sweet or salt) stimuli.

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I

IDEAL  OCCLUSION - a complete harmonious relationship of the teeth and masticatory  system.

IMMEDIATE DENTURE - a complete or partial denture made before the natural teeth are extracted.

IMPACTION - an unerupted or partially erupted tooth that will not fully erupt into the mouth because of an obstruction.

IMPLANT - a post that is implanted into bone. A  crown, bridge, or denture is then placed over the implant to restore function  and esthetics.

IMPRESSION TRAY - formed in the general shape of the mouth, used for taking impressions.

INCENTIVE PROGRAM - a  dental plan where the percentage of benefits increase each year as the patient  receives regular, annual dental care (preventive treatment). If the patient fails to go to the dentist each year, the percentage drops back to where it started.

INCISORS - the central and lateral incisors; the first  and second teeth from the midline of the mouth.

INLAY - a gold,  porcelain, or composite custom-made filling cemented into the tooth. If it  covers the tips of the teeth, it is called an onlay.

INCISAL EDGE - the cutting edge, ridge, or surface of anterior teeth.

INSERTION - the movable end of a muscle.

INTERCUSPATION - interlocking; a cusp-to-fossa relationship of  the maxillary to mandibular teeth.

INTERPROXIMAL - the space  between two adjacent surfaces.

IINTRAORAL - Inside your mouth.

INVAGINATION - to enclose within.

INVISALIGN - The system is a way to move teeth without the use of conventional brackets and archwires. Basically, a series of clear plastic trays are computer fabricated with each tray gradually shifting the teeth into proper alignment. The system works best for minor tooth movements.

IONTOPHOR - the process of introducing a drug through the dental enamel by use of an electrical current; often used in the treatment of dentin  hypersensitivity.

IRRIGATION - the technique of using a solution to wash out your mouth.
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J

JAW - a  common name for the maxilla or mandible.
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K

No terms Available

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L

LABIAL -  relating to the lip; another name for the facial surface of anterior teeth (next  to the lip).

LAMINATE VENEER - a porcelain, or composite covering which is bonded to restore discolored, or damaged teeth.

LATERA L  - to the side.

LEAST COST ALTERNATIVE - an insurance policy  clause that allows the insuring company to pay for the least expensive  treatment.

LESION - any wound or local degeneration.

LINGUAL - the surface of a tooth nearest the tongue; relating to the tongue.

LOBE - center of tooth formation.

LOCAL  ANESTHESIA - relieves the sensation of pain in a localized area.

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M

MALOCCLUSION - any deviation from the ideal positioning of the teeth or jaws.

MAMELON - small elevations of enamel present on the incisors as  they erupt.

MANAGED CARE PLANS - plans that restrict the type,  level, and frequency of treatment; these plans limit access to care and control the level of service reimbursement (ie. DMO's, Capitation plans, and Closed  Panel plans).

MANDIBLE - the lower jaw.

MARYLAND BRIDGE - A type of Bonded Bridge. Its main difference from conventional bridges is in the reduced amount of abutment preparation necessary. Only the lingual surfaces of the abutments are reduced.

MASTICATION - chewing.

MASTICATORY SYSTEM - the teeth and surrounding  structures: jaws, temporomandibular joint, muscles, lips, and tongue.

MAXILLAE - the upper jaw.

MEDIAL - relating to the  middle or medial plane.

MENTAL - relating to the chin.

MERCURY - a metal, component of amalgam fillings.

MESIAL - is the surface of the tooth nearest the midline of the dental arch.

MICRO ABRASION - a drill-free technique using an  instrument resembling a tiny sand blaster that delivers tiny aluminum oxide  particles to the surface of teeth.

MIDLINE - imaginary line through the middle of an object which divides it into two equal parts.

MIXED DENTITION- The developmental stage when both deciduous and permanent teeth are present.

MOLAR - the first, second and third molars; these are the sixth, seventh and eighth teeth from the center of the mouth, respectively.

MOUTHGUARD - a soft-fitted device which protects teeth against  impact or injury.

MUCOSA - the thin, outer pink or red membrane lining the inside of the oral cavity.

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N

NASAL -  relating to the nose.

NEURON - a nerve cell.

NEOPLASM - a proliferation of cells interfering with surrounding tissues; refers to cancer.

NICOTINE PATCHES - typically worn for 24 hours over several weeks, supplying a steady flow of nicotine. The main brands include: Habitrol, Nicoderm, Nicotrol and Prostep. Over the course of  treatment the amount of nicotine in the patch gradually decreases. Studies have shown that this method has approximately a 25 % success rate.

NIGHTGUARD - a removable acrylic appliance to minimize  the effects of grinding (bruxism) and TMJ associated problems.

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O

OBLIQUE RIDGE - a linear elevation that transverses a surface.

OCCLUDE - to bring together.

OCCLUSAL - relating to the biting surface of  teeth.

OCCLUSAL EQUILIBRATION - process of refining and  perfecting the occlusion.

OCCLUSAL GUARD - see NIGHTGUARD.

OCCLUSAL PLANE - The imaginary surface on which upper and lower teeth meet.

OCCLUSAL TRAUMA - results from excessive force placed on a normal  dentition, i.e. grinding and clenching of teeth. If left uncontrolled, occlusal trauma may result in rapid attachment loss and bone destruction.

OCCLUSION - the relationship of the teeth in a closed position in  both the maxillary and mandibular arch.

ONLAY - A laboratory processed restoration made of metal, porcelain or acrylic that replaces one or more of cusps of a tooth.

OPAQUING - covering the metal work of a prosthesis with a material so that it doesn't show through.

OPEN BITE - increased distance between the two arches; space between the front upper and lower teeth when the back teeth are touching.

ORAL CAVITY -  the mouth.

ORAL SURGERY (O.S.) - surgery of the mouth.

ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGEON - treats and surgically corrects diseases, injuries and defects of the mouth and jaws.

ORAL PATHOLOGIST - examines oral tissues for evidence of suspected abnormalities  such as cancer.

ORIGIN - the fixed end of a muscle.

ORTHODONTICS - a branch of dentistry dealing with irregularities  of the teeth and their correction.

ORTHODONTIST - designs and  applies corrective and supportive appliances, braces, to realign crooked teeth.

OSTEOBLASTS - Cells which aid in the growth and development of teeth and bones.

OSTEOCLASTS - Cells which help remodel bone. 

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P

P.A. - see  PERIAPICAL.

PALATE - roof of the mouth.

PALATAL  SURFACE - the surface of the maxillary teeth nearest the palate.

PALMER?S NOTATION- An identification system for teeth; widely used to designate individual teeth amongst orthodontists.

PANOREX - a single, large x-ray taken outside of the mouth that  shows all the teeth on one film.

PARTIAL DENTURE - a removable  appliance that replaces some of the teeth in either the upper or lower jaw.

PASSIVE ERUPTION - describes the process by which teeth continue  to erupt into the mouth as tooth structure is lost to attrition and wear.

PATHOGENS - Disease producing organism

PATHOLOGY - The study of abnormal (diseased) tissue conditions.

PEDODONTICS (PEDO) - the treatment of children's teeth.

PELLICLE - the first step in plaque formation; a clear, thin  covering containing proteins and lipids (fats) found in saliva. It is formed  within seconds after a tooth surface is cleaned.

PERIAPICAL - an x-ray that shows the whole tooth, also known as a single film or P.A.

PERIAPICAL ABSCESS - infection of the pulp of the tooth and tissues surrounding the base of the tooth.

PERICORONITIS -  infection of the tissue overlying a partially erupted tooth. Treatment involves keeping this tissue clean and free of bacteria.

PERIODONTAL CHARTING - measures the pocket depth resulting from attachment loss between the gums and teeth.

PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT - the fibers which suspend the tooth in the bony socket; it is attached at one end to the cementum, and at the  other end to the alveolar bone of the socket.

PERIODONTAL MAINTENANCE - cleaning of the teeth following periodontal treatment, includes perio  charting.

PERIODONTAL POCKET - the pocket that forms when the gums lose attachment from the teeth.

PERIODONTAL PROBE - a dental instrument used to measure pocket depth.

PERIODONTAL PROPHY - see  Periodontal Maintenance.

PERIODONTAL RECALL - see  Periodontal Maintenance.

PERIODONTICS (PERIO) - the treatment of diseases of the gum.

PERIODONTIST - diagnoses and treats diseases of the tissues supporting and surrounding the teeth, especially periodontal, gum,  disease

PERIODONTITIS - a form of periodontal disease affecting  adults resulting in destruction of alveolar bone.

PERIODONTIUM -  the structures that surround and support the teeth.

PERMANENT  DENTITION - see PERMANENT TEETH.

PERMANENT TEETH - the teeth  that replace the deciduous or primary teeth.

PHONETICS -  production of sounds.

PIT - a pinpoint depression in the occlusal  surface od a tooth.

PLAQUE - a sticky film that accumulated on  teeth.

PLASTER OF PARIS - gypsum, used to make models of teeth.

POLISHING - a dental procedure that removes stain, plaque and  acquired pellicle by using an abrasive polishing paste in a rubber cup attached  to a slow-speed handpiece.

POLYPHYODONT - possessing several sets  of teeth during a lifespan.

PONTIC - the component of a bridge  that replaces the missing teeth.

PORCELAIN - a tooth-colored  sand like material; much like enamel in appearance.

PORCELAIN VENEER - ultra-thin shells of ceramic material bonded to the front of the tooth.

POSTERIOR TEETH - the back teeth (Bicuspids and molars).

POSTPALATAL SEAL - an elevation of material on the back (tissue side) of a denture; for the purpose of sealing the denture.

PPO -  see PREFERRED PROVIDER ORGANIZATION.

PREDETERMINATION - the  doctor notifies the insurance company beforehand of the intended treatment and  the insurance company estimates the benefits that will be paid. 

PREFERRED PROVIDER ORGANIZATION (PPO) - A plan where the patient can go to any dentist they choose, or they can choose a preferred dentist and  receive discounted fees. These plans are listed on our system as Preferred and  Non Preferred.

PREMOLARS - two-cusped teeth immediately in front  of molars.

PREVENTIVE - a procedure performed to aid in  preventing decay and/ or gum disease.

PRIMARY PLAN - when a patient is covered by two insurance plans, the plan that is billed first is the primary plan.

PRIMARY TEETH - the baby teeth, also known as the  primary dentition.

PRIMATE SPACING - the normal spacing between primary anterior teeth.

PROCERA - Procera is a type of Porcelain Crown.  They are one of the strongest all-porcelain crowns available. Procera?s framework is computer generated; porcelain is then added to the structure.

PROPHY - see PROPHYLAXIS.

PROPHYLAXIS - a general meaning to clean the teeth, also known as  a prophy.

PROSTHETICS - a fixed or removable appliance used to replace missing teeth (ie. bridges, partials, and dentures).

PROSTHODONTIST - constructs artificial appliances designed to restore and maintain oral function by replacing missing teeth and other oral structures such as dentures

PROXIMAL - nearest the point of attachment; the mesial or distal surface of the tooth.

PROXIMAL SURFACE - the surface of the tooth adjacent to the next tooth; refers to the mesial and distal surfaces.

PUBLIC HEALTH DENTIST - concerned  with the dental health needs of entire communities, and can design and administer large-scale prevention and dental care programs by compiling and  analyzing statistics

PULP CANAL - the portion of the pulp in the root.

PULP CHAMBER - the portion of the pulp in the crown of the  tooth.

PULP HORN - the portion of the pulp chamber that extends towards the cusp.

PULP TISSUE - the soft (not calcified) tissue  in the pulp chamber; composed of blood vessels and nerves.

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Q

QUADRANT -  denotes one of four equal sections in the mouth. The upper right, upper left, lower right or the lower left.
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R

RADIOGRAPHIC - referring to x-rays.

RADIOSURGERY - surgical technique that  uses radio waves to produce a pressureless, bloodless incision.

RAPHE - a union of soft tissue.

RCT - see ROOT CANAL THERAPY.

REBASE - process where only the tissue surface of a denture is  replaced by new material.

RELATIVE VALUE SCHEDULE (RVS) -  procedures are given a point value based upon their degree of difficulty. Each procedure is also assigned a given a dollar amount. The dollar amount is then  multiplied by the point value to determine what the insurance company will pay.

RESIN FILLING - see COMPOSITE FILLING.

RESORB - to dissolve into the tissue.

RESTORATIONS - any replacement for lost tooth structure or teeth (ie. bridges, fillings, crowns and implants).

RESTORATIVE DENTISTRY - process of restoring missing, damaged or diseased teeth to normal form and function.

RETAINER - a  removable appliance used to maintain teeth in a given position (usually worn at night).

RIDGE - a linear elevation.

ROOT CANAL THERAPY (RCT) - procedure used to save an abscessed tooth in which the pulp chamber  is cleaned out, disinfected, and filled with a permanent filling.

ROOT PLANING - the removal of hard deposits from the root surface below the gumline.

ROOT TRUNK - that portion of the root that is not bifurcated or trifurcated.

RUGAE - elevated folds or wrinkles of soft tissue in the front part of the palate.

RVS - see  RELATIVE VALUE SCHEDULE.

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S

SAGITTAL PLANE - An imaginary longitudinal vertical plane that divides the mouth into two halves (left and right.)

SCALING -  scraping of the tooth above the gums.

SEALANTS - the application  of a clear resin over the biting surfaces of teeth to prevent decay.

SECONDARY PLAN - when a patient is insured by two plans, the plan that is billed second is the secondary plan.

SIGNATURE ON FILE -  the insured person signs a form stating that the payments made by the carrier go to the dentist. This form expires 1 year from the date it is signed.

SINGLE FILM - see PERIAPICAL.

SLOUGHING - a  condition in which the gingival tissue deadens and peels away from the living tissue.

SOCKET - a cavity in the bone, see ALVEOLUS.

SOFT PALATE - the back 1/3 of the roof of the mouth composed of  soft tissue.

SOMATIC - nerves that supply muscles.

SONICARE - electric toothbrush. Vibrates at over 31,000 brush strokes per minute.  Most models offer a 3 - minute timer to let you know when you?re done.

SPACE MAINTAINERr - A dental appliance used to maintain space in the mouth.

SPILLWAY - see EMBRASURE.

STAIN, EXTRINSIC - stain  located on the outside of the tooth surface originating from external substances such as tobacco, coffee, tea or food; usually removed by polishing the teeth with an abrasive prophylaxis paste.

STAIN, INTRINSIC - stain  originating from the ingestion of certain materials or chemical substances during tooth development, or from the presence of caries. This stain is  permanent and cannot be removed.

SUBMUCOSA - the layer of tissue  under the mucous membrane.

SUCCEDANEOUS - a tooth that replaces  or succeeds another.

SULCUS - a broad depression on the chewing  surfaces of your back teeth.

SUPERGINGIVAL - the area above the gingival margin.

SUPERNUMERARY TEETH - Extra teeth, in addition to the development of the normal 32.

SURGICAL TEMPLATE - a clear tray used in immediate denture fabrication.

SUTURE - a joining of two bones, also stitxhes.

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T

TARTAR -  see CALCULUS.

TEETHING - baby teeth pushing through gums.

TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT (TMJ) - temporo (temporal bone), mandibular (lower jaw). This is the connecting hinge between the lower jaw and  base of the skull. Also known as T.M.J.. T.M.J. treatment is sometimes paid under medical.

TERMINAL MESIAL STEP - the position of a vertical plane along the distal surfaces when the deciduous second molars are in Class I position.

TERMINAL PLANE - the distal surfaces of the maxillary and mandibular deciduous second molars that are on the same line or plane.

THIRD MOLAR - see WISDOM TOOTH.

TMD -  temporomandibular disorder; a problem with the joint that connects the lower jaw  with the skull. Typically associated with a pop and pain in the joint.

TOPICAL - applied directly to an infected area for treatment.

TRANSVERSE RIDGE - a linear elevation that crosses a surface  (usually the occlusal surface).

TRIANGULAR RIDGE - a linear elevation that forms a triangle.

TRIFURCATION - forked or divided  into three parts.

TUBERCLE - a small, rounded projection.

TUBEROSITY - a large, rounded projection.

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U

ULTRASONIC - the conversion of high frequency electrical current into mechanical  vibrations.

UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS - These precautions require all dental staff involved in patient care to use appropriate protective wear, such as gloves, masks and eyewear. After each patient visit, the gloves must be discarded, hands washed and a new pair of gloves donned for the next patient. These precautions are considered universal because they are used for each and every patient to prevent the transmission of infectious diseases.

USUAL, CUSTOMARY AND REASONABLE (UCR) - the doctor's fee is considered usual, customary, and reasonable if it meets the following  requirements: 1. Usual: the doctor's usual fee is charged; 2. Customary: if the doctor's fee falls in the same range as other dentists in the area; 3. Reasonable: the doctor's modified fee is justified because of special  circumstances.

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V

VENTRAL -  the underside, used when speaking of the tongue; thus the ventral surface of the  tongue is the underside of the tongue.

VERMILION - red.

VIRGIN TEETH - teeth that are free from decay or restorations.

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W

WAIVER OF  DEDUCTIBLE - under some policies certain procedures are excluded from the deductible.

WISDOM TOOTH - the third molar; the eighth tooth from the center of mouth.

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X

XEROSTOMIA - dryness of the mouth.

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Y

No Terms Available

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Z

No Terms Available

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